Biography

Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi, known as Sandro Botticelli (c. 1445 – 1510), was a prominent Italian Early Renaissance painter famed for works such as The Birth of Venus and Primavera. A protégé of Filippo Lippi and influenced by the Medici circle, his art combines linear grace with classical mythology, religious themes, and Neoplatonic philosophy. His reputation declined after his death but revived in the 19th century.

Early Life and Training

Botticelli was born in Florence into a modest family. Initially trained as a goldsmith, he apprenticed under Filippo Lippi where he developed his distinctive linear style.

Rise to Prominence and Major Works

By 1469, Botticelli had his own workshop. He gained significant commissions from Florentine patrons including the Medici family. His famed mythological paintings Primavera and The Birth of Venus date from the 1480s.

Sistine Chapel and Later Religious Paintings

In 1481, Botticelli contributed to frescoes in the Sistine Chapel. He produced many religious altarpieces and Madonna paintings, often in the popular tondo format, displaying a graceful linear style.

Influence of Savonarola and Late Career

Later influenced by Savonarola’s preaching, Botticelli’s work took on a more austere tone. He focused on religious subjects and illustration projects such as those for Dante’s Divine Comedy. His production diminished after the 1490s.

Nationality

Italian

Categories

Painter, Portrait

Themes

Mythology, religious subjects including Madonna and Child, portraits, allegory, Dante illustrations

Historical recognition and patronage

  • 1475

    Commission of Adoration of the Magi

    An important public commission that helped establish his reputation, featuring portraits of prominent Medici family members.

  • 1481

    Painter for Sistine Chapel Frescoes

    Summoned by Pope Sixtus IV to contribute to the decoration of the newly completed Sistine Chapel in Rome.

  • 1482

    Opened own workshop

    By this time, Botticelli was an independent master, with pupils including the notable Filippino Lippi.

  • Late 19th century

    Rediscovery by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

    The Pre-Raphaelites brought renewed attention to Botticelli’s work, contributing to a lasting reassessment of his role in Renaissance art.

Art works

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